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Wednesday, November 9, 2016
Call For Paper
Bentham Science Publishers would like to invite you to submit your research paper for publishing in the Journal of
Thursday, November 3, 2016
Highlighted Article: HIV Infection and Myocardial Infarction
HIV Infection and Myocardial Infarction
Author(s):
Leonardo Calza Pages 456 - 465 ( 10 )
Abstract:
Background: After the advent of the potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has declined dramatically and HIV infection became a chronic disease with a significant increase in the life expectancy of HIV-positive people. Consequently, chronic comorbidities as coronary heart disease raised an increasing concern in this population.
Objective: Aim of this editorial article is to review the most recent data about the cardiovascular disease risk among HIV-positive persons and to suggest an appropriate clinical management.
Results: An increased risk of myocardial infarction has been reported among HIV infected subjects compared to the general population, but the pathogenic mechanism of this accelerated atherosclerotic process is complex and certainly multifactorial. The occurrence of myocardial infarction may be the consequence of traditional risk factors (that are overrepresented in the HIV infected population), direct viral replication, and long-term toxicity of the antiretroviral drugs. Moreover, despite the persistent viral suppression induced by cart usually reduces the cardiovascular risk, several studies show in HIV-positive subjects a condition of chronic inflammation and immune activation that could lead to both accelerated endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease.
Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk reduction and coronary heart disease prevention are today a leading challenge for all the clinicians involved in the HIV patients’ care.
Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapy, biomarkers, cardiovascular risk, HIV infection, myocardial infarction.
Affiliation:
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, “Alma Mater Studiorum” University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via G. Massarenti 11, I-40138 Bologna, Italy.
For More Information Please Visit Our Website Current HIV Research
Wednesday, October 26, 2016
Most Accessed Article: CD8+ T-Cells: Function and Response to HIV Infection
CD8+ T-Cells: Function and Response to HIV Infection
Author(s):
Naveed Gulzar and Karen F.T. CopelandPages 23-37 (15)
Abstract:
CD8+ T-cells are a critical component of the cellular immune response and they play an important role in the control of viral infection. During HIV infection, CD8+ T-cells are able to recognize infected cells through an MHC-I dependent process and are able to lyse cells harboring viral infection by the secretion of perforin and granzymes. These cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) can also eliminate virally infected cells through the engagement of death-inducing ligands expressed by CD8+ T-cells with death receptors on the surface of the infected cell. In addition, CD8+ CTL secrete soluble factors such as β-chemokines and the CD8+ antiviral factor (CAF) that suppress viral binding and transcription, respectively. In order for HIV to survive the pressures placed upon it by the immune system, the virus has adopted numerous strategies to evade the CD8+ T-cell response. The high mutation rate of HIV has allowed the virus to escape CD8+ T-cell recognition in addition to its ability to down-regulate surface MHC-I expression from infected cells. Also, by altering the pattern of cytokine production and engagement of cellular receptors, HIV disrupts proper CD8+ T-cell signaling. The resultant improper T-cell receptor (TcR) stimulation creates an anergic state in these cells. By affecting the function of CD4+ T-cells and antigen presenting cells that are required for proper CD8+ T-cell maturation, HIV is able to decrease the circulating pool of effector and memory CD8+ T-cells that are able to combat viral infection. The end result is the aberration of CD8+ T-cell function.
Keywords:
hiv, t-cell, ctl, chemokine, cytokine
Affiliation:
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa,Ontario, K1H 8L6, CANADA.
For More Information Please Visit Current HIV Research
Thursday, October 20, 2016
Thursday, October 6, 2016
Genome Editing – The Latest Weapon For Combatting HIV
HIV is among the most feared viruses that emerged in the last century. Feared it is, because it is complicated for the researchers, let alone the sufferers. Having thousands of brilliant minds working for years and publishing tons of researches in order to find clues to eradicating the HIV completely, the virus has still been very resilient to disappear.
Thus far the efforts have led to suppressing this demon only to see it lift it head again. But researchers at Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan suggest that with the recent progresses in genome editing some stronger weapons have been developed now. Researchers, in the paper,Perspectives of Genome-Editing Technologies for HIV Therapy, have shown viable prospects for using tools like CRISPR/Cas9 to identify even the dormant HIV genomes in the battle.
The idea is that, if you can identify the hidden intruders in the cells you can certainly shoot them down better. This idea has a shining future if the research community keeps improving these very anti-HIV weapons.
courtesy by Bentham Insight
Tuesday, October 4, 2016
EurekAlert ::: Neural networks adapt to the presence of a toxic HIV protein
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) afflict approximately half of HIV infected patients.
Nearly half of HIV infected patients suffer from impaired neurocognitive function. The HIV protein transactivator of transcription (Tat) is an important contributor to HIV neuropathogenesis because it is a potent neurotoxin that continues to be produced despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that Tat altered the activity of networked neurons and that the network adapted to the presence of the toxin. The research article entitled, “HIV-1 Tat-Induced Changes in Synaptically-Driven Network Activity Adapt During Prolonged Exposure” is featured in the journal ‘Current HIV Research‘.
courtesy by Bentham Insight
New Issue ::: Current Computer Aided-Drug Design, 12 Issue 2
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design aims to publish all the latest developments in drug design based on computational techniques. The field of computer-aided drug design has had extensive impact in the area of drug design.
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design is an essential journal for all medicinal chemists who wish to be kept informed and up-to-date with all the latest and important developments in computer-aided methodologies and their applications in drug discovery. Each issue contains a series of timely, in-depth reviews, original research articles and letter articles written by leaders in the field, covering a range of computational techniques for drug design, screening, ADME studies, etc., providing excellent rationales for drug development.
Articles from the journal Current Computer Aided-Drug Design, 12 Issue 2
- EDITORIAL: Chemodescriptor Based QSARs of Structurally Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous Chemical Data Sets: Some Comments on the Congenericity Principle vis-Ă -vis Diversity Begets Diversity Principle
- Characterizing the Zika Virus Genome – A Bioinformatics Study
- Clarification of Interaction Mechanism of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) N and nsp3 Protein with Homology Modeling and Protein-Protein Docking Analysis
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation Reveal the Mechanism of Resistance of Mutant Actins to Latrunculin A – Insight into Specific Modifications to Design Novel Drugs to Overcome Resistance
- Rhodomyrtone Target Exploration: Computer Aided Search on Staphylococcus aureus Key Proteins as a Potential Therapeutic Target
- Discovery of Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Using QSAR-Based Virtual Screening of the NCI Open Database
- Design of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channels: A Molecular Modeling Approach
- Current Status of Computer-Aided Drug Design for Type 2 Diabetes
For details on the articles, please visit this link :: http://bit.ly/2aNd20q
courtesy by Bentham Insight
Recently Published Issue of the Journal in Current Vascular Pharmacology
Current Vascular Pharmacology publishes clinical and research-based reviews, original research articles, letters, debates, drug clinical trial studies and guest edited issues to update all those concerned with the treatment of vascular disease, bridging the gap between clinical practice and ongoing research.
Following are the articles from the journal in Current Vascular Pharmacology, 13 issue 5:
Article: Platelet Inhibition Agents: Current and Future P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists
Author(s): Jie Tang, Mu-Peng Li, Hong-Hao Zhou and Xiao-Ping Chen
Article: Glycaemic Control in Cardiac Surgery Patients: a Double-Edged Sword
Author(s): Lukasz J. Krzych and Maciej T. Wybraniec
Article: Is there a Role for Cortisol in the Accumulation of Lipids in the Intima a Crucial Step of Atherogenesis?
Author(s): Panayotis Fantidis, Sanchez Eladio, Tarhini Ibrahim, Pineda Tomas, Corrales Jose Antonio and Gonzalez Jose Ramon
Article: Recent Advances in Optimal Adjunctive Antithrombotic Therapy in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty: An Overview
Author(s): Giuseppe De Luca and Harry Suryapranata
Article: Pharmacogenetics and Statin Treatment: Reality or Theory?
Author(s): Eleni Bousoula, Vana Kolovou, Despoina Perrea and Genovefa Kolovou
Article: Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Presenting with Cardiovascular Events: Descriptive Analysis from a Tertiary Heart Hospital Over a 22-year Period
Author(s): Ayman El-Menyar, Hassan Al-Thani, Ahammed Mekkodathil, Shaban Mohammed, Rajvir Singh, Hajar AlBinAli and Jassim Al Suwaidi
Article: Coffee: A Selected Overview of Beneficial or Harmful Effects on the Cardiovascular System?
Author(s): Thomas F. Whayne
Article: Incretin-Based Antidiabetic Agents for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Author(s): Theodora Nakouti, Apostolos K.A. Karagiannis, Konstantinos Tziomalos and Evangelos Cholongitas
Article: Heart Failure Models: Traditional and Novel Therapy
Author(s): Mohamed A. Haidara, Abdullah S. Assiri, Hanaa Z. Yassin, Hania I. Ammar, Milan M. Obradovic and Esma R. Isenovic
Article: Tenofovir-Related Nephropathies in HIV-Infected Patients
Author(s): Silvia Lai, Amalia Mariotti, Carlo Lai, Massimo Testorio, Maria Carta, Georgie Innico, Nicla Frassetti, Marco Mangiulli, Annarita D’Angelo and Gaspare E. Russo
Article: Not Simply a Matter of Fish Intake
Author(s): Carlos Scherr, Valeria N. Figueiredo, Filipe A. Moura and Andrei C. Sposito
Article: MicroRNA-10b Induces Vascular Muscle Cell Proliferation Through Akt Pathway by Targeting TIP30
Author(s): Xin Yu, Zheng Li, Guang Chen and William Ka Kei Wu
Article: Relation between the Change in Mean Platelet Volume and Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Author(s): Young-Youp Koh, Hyung Ho Kim, Dong-Hyun Choi, Young-Min Lee, Young-Jae Ki, Seong-Ho Kang, Geon Park, Joong-Wha Chung, Kyong-Sig Chang and Soon-Pyo Hong
Author(s): Niki Katsiki
For details, please visit: http://bit.ly/1Qhe8gC
courtesy by Bentham Insight
New Issue ::: Current HIV Research 14 issue 1
Current HIV Research covers all the latest and outstanding developments of HIV research by publishing original research, review articles and guest edited thematic issues. The novel pioneering work in the basic and clinical fields on all areas of HIV research covers: virus replication and gene expression, HIV assembly, virus-cell interaction, viral pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission, anti-retroviral therapy and adherence, drug discovery, the latest developments in HIV/AIDS vaccines and animal models, mechanisms and interactions with AIDS related diseases, social and public health issues related to HIV disease, and prevention of viral infection. Periodically, the journal invites guest editors to devote an issue on a particular area of HIV research of great interest that increases our understanding of the virus and its complex interaction with the host.
Articles from the journal in Current HIV Research, 14 issue 1:
- Perspectives of Genome-Editing Technologies for HIV Therapy
- Role of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Conformation and Accessory Proteins on ADCC Responses
- Synergistic Inhibition of R5 HIV-1 by the Fusion Protein (FLSC) IgG1 Fc and Maraviroc in Primary Cells: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
- Microarray Analysis Reveals Altered Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Genes in Differentiated, Ritonavir-Treated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
- Expression of Signaling Molecules in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
- Raltegravir Plus Nevirapine as Maintenance Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Patients: Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics
- Changes in Serum Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Activation in HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Naive Patients Starting A Treatment with Abacavir-Lamivudine or Tenofovir-Emtricitabine Plus Efavirenz
- Longitudinal Analysis of Adherence to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy: Evidence of Treatment Sustainability from an Indian HIV Cohort
For details on the articles, please visit this link :: http://bit.ly/1MzENpQ
courtesy by : Bentham Insight
Friday, August 12, 2016
Correlates of Patient Retention in HIV Care and Treatment Programs in Nigeria
Author(s):
Chinenye Ugoji, Nwanneka Okere, Patrick Dakum, Rukeme Ake-Uzoigwe, Donald Igboelina, Nicaise Ndembi, Ernest Ekong, Manhattan Charurat and William A. BlattnerPages 300-307 (8)
Abstract:
Background: Long-term retention is a crucial component of HIV care because treatment success can only be measured among retained patients. Understanding determinants of retention will inform retention strategies. We evaluated the correlates of retention in a large HIV program in Nigeria.
Methods: We reviewed quality of care data for 5320 randomly selected HIV-positive adults aged ≥15 years enrolled in 37 treatment facilities in Nigeria between 2005 and 2009. Retention was described as having one or more clinic visits in the one year (2010) review period. Patient-related correlates of retention were determined using logistic regression.
Results: 144 patients exited the program through deaths or transferrals. Of the 5176 with no documented exits, 3231 (62.4%) were retained (65.6% female; median age: 35.6 years). 2938 (75.8%) patients on ART, and 286 (23.4%) pre-ART patients were retained. Being on ART (OR=10.3, p<0.001), Age 30-60years (30 – 45 years: OR=1.36, p<0.001 and >45 – 60 years: OR=1.47, p<0.001) compared to patients <30 years; Female gender (OR=1.18, p=0.006), baseline CD4 cell count (100-350 cells/mm3: OR=1.24, p=0.006) vs <100cells/mm3 and lower WHO stage at baseline (WHO Stage IV, III, II: OR=0.50,0.51,0.77 respectively) vs Stage I were associated with retention. Among patients on ART, recent ART initiation 2008-09 (OR=1.73, p<0.001) vs 2005-07, being on ART for >6months (p<0.001) vs <6month and initiating ART on non-Stavudine based regimen (p<0.001) were also associated with retention.
Conclusion: 3 out of 4 pre-ART patients and 1-in-4 ART patients were not retained in 37HIV treatment facilities in Nigeria. These findings provide insight that enables HIV programs integrate retention strategies at all stages of the HIV care continuum.
Keywords:
Adults, ART, AIDS, HIV, loss to follow up, Pre-ART, retention.
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Graphical Abstract:
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Brief Messages to Promote Prevention and Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Author(s):
Rocio Garcia-Retamero and Edward T. CokelyPages 408-420 (13)
Abstract:
We review the results of our research program investigating the effects of brief risk awareness interventions for sexually active young adults⎯the age group most at-risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Our review examines the influence of framed messages, individual differences, and visual aids on key attitudes, behavioral intentions, and health outcomes in three extensive longitudinal studies. Our first study showed that health messages can promote self-reported condom use (screening for STIs) when the messages were framed in positive (negative) terms. This study also showed that adding visual aids to the positive and negative framed messages made them equally and highly effective for promoting self-reported behavior. Visual aids increased self-reported behavior by eliminating the effect of framing on attitudes and behavioral intentions, which in turn influenced self-reported behavior. Our second study showed that visual aids were especially helpful for reducing the effect of message framing among young adults with low numeracy and high graph literacy. Our third study showed that visual aids influenced key attitudes, behavioral intentions, and self-reported behavior as much as a validated 8-hour educational program. Overall, our research suggests that well-constructed visual aids provide simple, effective ways of communicating quantitative information about STIs to at-risk young adults. Theoretical mechanisms, public policy implications, and open questions are discussed.
Keywords:
Condom use, individual differences, message frame, numeracy, risk literacy, screening, sexually transmitted infections, visual aids, young adults.
Affiliation:
Facultad de PsicologĂa, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Effects of a Quasi-Randomized Web-Based Intervention on Risk Behaviors and Treatment Seeking Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in Chengdu, China
Author(s):
Guodong Mi, Zunyou Wu, Xiaodong Wang, Cynthia X. Shi, Fei Yu, Tian Li, Linglin Zhang, Jennifer M. McGoogan, Lin Pang, Jie Xu and Keming RouPages 490-496 (7)
Abstract:
The men who have sex with men (MSM) population in China has experienced a recent increase in HIV incidence. Due to the dual stigma and discrimination towards homosexuality and HIV infection, most MSM living with HIV/AIDS are hard to reach by offline intervention initiatives. We recruited HIV-positive MSM participants in Chengdu, China and assessed whether they disclosed their HIV status to partners, motivated a partner to receive testing, used condoms consistently, or initiated antiretroviral therapy. Participants were quasi-randomized to either the intervention or control arm. The intervention group was given instructions for an online program with four modules: an information exchange website, a bulletin board system, individualized online counseling with trained peer educators, and an animation game. All participants were re-assessed at 6 months. The study enrolled 202 HIV-positive MSM. The intervention group had significant increases in disclosing their HIV status to their partners (76.0% vs 61.2%, P=0.0388) and motivating partners to accept HIV testing (42.3% vs 25.5%, P=0.0156) compared with the control group, but there were no between-group differences in receiving early treatment or using condoms consistently. We found that a web-based intervention targeting HIV-positive MSM was an effective tool in increasing the uptake of HIV testing within this high-risk population.
Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapy, behavioral intervention, China, condom usage, HIV/AIDS, HIV status disclosure, HIV testing, men who have sex with men.
Affiliation:
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China.
Graphical Abstract:
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Perspectives of Genome-Editing Technologies for HIV Therapy
Author(s):
Hirotaka Ebina, Peter Gee and Yoshio KoyanagiPages 2-8 (7)
Abstract:
Background: Current HIV antiretroviral therapies potently suppress virus replication and prevent patients from progressing to AIDS but are unable to completely eliminate HIV due to the existence of dormant viral reservoirs which threaten to reemerge at anytime. Recently, genome-editing technologies that can recognize specific DNA sequences, including viral DNA, are being touted as promising tools for curing HIV, owing to their specificity, ease of use, and ability to be custom designed.
Conclusion: Here, we introduce several novel strategies aimed at eradicating HIV proviruses with state-of-the-art genomeediting technologies and discuss perspectives of these approaches for curing HIV.
Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, HIV, latency, provirus, TALENs, ZFNs.
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawara- cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Graphical Abstract:
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Cellular Antiviral Factors that Target Particle Infectivity of HIV-1
Author(s):
Christine GoffinetPages 211-216 (6)
Abstract:
Background: In the past decade, the identification and characterization of antiviral genes with the ability to interfere with virus replication has established cell-intrinsic innate immunity as a third line of antiviral defense in addition to adaptive and classical innate immunity. Understanding how cellular factors have evolved to inhibit HIV-1 reveals particularly vulnerable points of the viral replication cycle. Many, but not all, antiviral proteins share type I interferon-upregulated expression and sensitivity to viral counteraction or evasion measures. Whereas well-established restriction factors interfere with early post-entry steps and release of HIV-1, recent research has revealed a diverse set of proteins that reduce the infectious quality of released particles using individual, to date poorly understood modes of action. These include induction of paucity of mature glycoproteins in nascent virions or self-incorporation into the virus particle, resulting in poor infectiousness of the virion and impaired spread of the infection. Conclusion: A better understanding of these newly discovered antiviral factors may open new avenues towards the design of drugs that repress the spread of viruses whose genomes have already integrated.
Keywords:
HIV-1 Nef, IFITM, interferon, interferon-stimulated genes, particle infectivity, SERINC, 90K.
Affiliation:
Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
Graphical Abstract:
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